GENERAL AIRSTAGE Technical Reference

ARTH KHTA Ducted Systems - Return Air, Airflow and Plenum Sizing

ARTH36KHTA, ARTH45KHTA, ARTH54KHTA and ARTH60KHTA
Guidance for return-air grille selection, duct sizing, airflow and indoor-unit connection dimensions
Key point: GENERAL does not specify or recommend a single minimum return-air grille size for these models. Return-air grilles, filters, ductwork and plenums must be selected by the installer or system designer using the required airflow, acceptable air velocity, pressure drop, acoustic requirements and the available external static pressure of the indoor unit.

1. Indoor unit airflow

The design and technical manual specifies the following indoor-unit airflows. The listed values are the same for cooling and heating operation.

Indoor ModelLOWMEDHIGH / RatedExternal Static Pressure Range
ARTH36KHTA486 L/s
1,750 m³/h
589 L/s
2,120 m³/h
695 L/s
2,500 m³/h
60-210 Pa
ARTH45KHTA631 L/s
2,270 m³/h
767 L/s
2,760 m³/h
903 L/s
3,250 m³/h
60-260 Pa
ARTH54KHTA689 L/s
2,480 m³/h
836 L/s
3,010 m³/h
986 L/s
3,550 m³/h
60-260 Pa
ARTH60KHTA689 L/s
2,480 m³/h
836 L/s
3,010 m³/h
986 L/s
3,550 m³/h
60-260 Pa
For grille and duct sizing, the installer should normally consider the maximum expected airflow for the selected operating and static-pressure configuration, rather than sizing only around a reduced fan-speed setting.

2. Indoor-unit plenum and return-air connection sizes

The dimensional drawings provide the physical duct connection dimensions at the indoor unit. These dimensions are useful when fabricating the return-air connection and supply plenum, but they are not minimum grille sizes and should not be used on their own to size the complete air-distribution system.

Indoor ModelReturn-Air Connection
(rear of unit)
Supply / Plenum Connection
(front of unit)
Indoor Unit Overall Size
(H x W x D)
ARTH36KHTA862 x 324 mm851 x 295 mm400 x 1,050 x 500 mm
ARTH45KHTA1,062 x 351 mm921 x 304 mm425 x 1,250 x 490 mm
ARTH54KHTA1,062 x 351 mm921 x 304 mm425 x 1,250 x 490 mm
ARTH60KHTA1,062 x 351 mm921 x 304 mm425 x 1,250 x 490 mm
Important: The connection dimensions above describe the indoor-unit duct connection faces shown in the technical manual. They do not mean that the return-air grille should be the same size as the indoor-unit return opening. Grille free area, filter resistance, duct transitions and the complete return-air path must all be considered separately.

3. How should the return-air grille be sized?

GENERAL does not nominate a minimum return-air grille width or height for these models because a nominal grille dimension alone does not define how much air it can pass. Different grille and filter products can have significantly different effective free areas and pressure drops even when their outside dimensions are the same.

The installer or system designer should calculate the return-air arrangement using the required system airflow and the selected grille, filter and duct components.

Basic airflow relationship
Air velocity (m/s) = Airflow (m³/s) ÷ Effective free area (m²)
or
Required effective free area (m²) = Airflow (m³/s) ÷ Selected design velocity (m/s)

When carrying out the calculation, consider:

  • the indoor unit's required airflow at the intended operating condition;
  • the effective free area of the return-air grille rather than only its nominal face dimensions;
  • pressure drop across filters, grilles and return-air boxes;
  • return-air duct length, fittings, transitions and flexible duct;
  • air velocity and the potential for objectionable air noise;
  • the supply-air duct and plenum resistance;
  • the total external static pressure available from the indoor unit; and
  • service access and filter removal requirements.

Multiple return-air grilles may be used where appropriate. Where more than one grille is installed, the designer should calculate the combined effective free area and confirm that the airflow is distributed appropriately through the return-air duct system.

4. External static pressure and fan setup

The KHTA indoor units are high-static ducted systems. The technical manual requires the external static pressure setting to be selected according to the resistance of the connected duct system and the applicable fan-performance curve.

ModelPermitted Static Pressure RangeFactory / Standard Setting
ARTH36KHTA60-210 Pa60 Pa
ARTH45KHTA / ARTH54KHTA / ARTH60KHTA60-260 Pa60 Pa
Commissioning requirement: A return grille that is too restrictive, an undersized return duct, a high-resistance filter or excessive duct resistance can reduce delivered airflow. The completed duct system should therefore be checked against the applicable fan-performance curve and the static-pressure setting adjusted to suit the actual installation.

5. Practical guidance

  • Do not select a return-air grille simply because its nominal dimensions are similar to the indoor unit's return-air opening.
  • Do not treat the connection dimensions in the technical manual as a recommended minimum grille size.
  • Size the return system from the required airflow and the published performance data for the actual grille and filter being installed.
  • Use gradual transitions between the return-air duct/plenum and the indoor unit wherever practical.
  • Avoid abrupt reductions in duct size immediately before the indoor unit.
  • Allow adequate access for filter removal, cleaning and indoor-unit maintenance.
  • After installation, confirm actual airflow/static performance where required as part of system commissioning.
Summary
The ARTH36KHTA, ARTH45KHTA, ARTH54KHTA and ARTH60KHTA do not have a GENERAL-specified minimum return-air grille size. Use the airflow figures and fan-performance data to design the complete return-air and supply-air system. The physical plenum and return-air connection dimensions can be used for duct fabrication, but the final grille, filter, plenum and duct sizes remain an installation design responsibility and must be calculated to achieve the required airflow without excessive pressure drop or noise.
Reference: Design & Technical Manual DR_AR083EF_01 - High Static Three Phase, ARTH36KHTA / ARTH45KHTA / ARTH54KHTA / ARTH60KHTA. Refer to the applicable dimensional drawings, airflow tables and fan-performance curves for the complete technical data.